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№1' 2014

PULMONOLOGY

International Medical Journal, Vol. 20., Iss. 1, 2014, P. 35−39.


ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AT PRESENT


E. A. Bolokadze

Kharkiv National Medical University

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the major problems of health due to its high frequency, association with other lung diseases, constant progress. This is an example of a multifactorial disease, the development of which is involved by environment pollution, harmful industrial factors, smoking, genetic predisposition. . The definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been revised recently as an acute condition characterized by deterioration of respiratory symptoms beyond normal variability and requiring therapy changes. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by a relatively large preclinical period of the disease followed by formation of complications. Most studies demonstrating the inability to influence the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were conducted in patients with clinical manifestations of the disease. Under these conditions early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with early use of therapies aimed at key stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis is important. With regard to the pathogenesis of lung injury, the most recognized is deficiency of alpha−1− antitrypsin. galectin−3 may be considered a stimulant of fibrosis. Adhesion molecules actively participate in development of bronchial remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. One of the systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is osteoporosis developing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease despite administration of glucocorticoids. Therefore, investigation of the level of osteopontin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be considered a factor of development of complications such as osteoporosis. Prospective chronic obstructive pulmonary disease investigations should be aimed at solution of the questions of new ways of treatment and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its complications.

Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha−1−antitrypsin, galectin−3, adhesion molecules, osteo−pontin, SAT scale, mMRC.


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