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№1' 2015
DERMATOVENEREOLOGYInternational Medical Journal, Vol. 21., Iss. 1, 2015, P. 96−100.
SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS: MODERN CONCEPT OF PATHOGENESIS
Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine
The problem of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) has become increasingly important in dermatovenerology. A wide spread of SD in people of working age, constant increase in the incidence, psychoemotional disorders, decreased social activity and quality of life of patients, insufficient knowledge and divisiveness of some aspects of the pathogenesis, low efficiency of existing treatment dictate the need for further study of the mechanisms of dermatosis. Currently, a single point of view of the etiology and pathogenesis of SD does not exist. As possible factors contributing to the emergence of the disease, genetic predisposition, hormonal status changes, various neurotic disorders, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, medication, the presence of bacterial flora, metabolic changes, pollution, nutritional and climatic factors (high ambient medium) and others are considered. These factors affect the secretion of sebum and break the barrier properties of the skin, which leads to proliferation and increase in the amount of previously saprophytic microorganisms Malassezia spp. and development of inflammation associated with impaired sebum discharge, keratinization, and itching. Immunodeficiency states, especially disorders of humoral (complement system proteins, antimicrobial peptides) and cellular (phagocytic cells, NK−cells, T−lymphocytes etc.), innate immune factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of SD caused by activation of opportunistic flora. Of particular interest in development of the dermatosis is the study of vitamin D and its metabolites involved in immune (antimicrobial) protection the skin. The study of innate immunity, vitamin D metabolism in patients with SD will widen the idea about the pathogenesis and promote development of treatment.
Key words: seborrheic dermatitis, pathogenesis, androgens, fungi Malassezia spp., immunity.