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№4' 2016
HYGIENE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, MEDICAL ECOLOGYInternational Medical Journal, Vol. 22., Iss. 4, 2016, P. 91−93.
ТHE IMPACT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE SPECIES COMPOSITION AND ABUNDANCE OF BLOODSUCKING DIPTERA AND MITES AS VECTORS ZOOANTHROPONOSES
Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Ukraine
The article features the issues of global climate change and its socio−economic, environmental and biomedical consequences. The study of the climate change in the temperate zone of the north hemisphere over the past 30−40 years showed its ambiguity in different territories, which is connected with the topography, distance from the seas and oceans, changes in the circulation processes. Warming is evident mainly in winter and spring, with the rates increasing by the end of the twentieth century. It should be noted that in Kharkiv region winter temperatures in January−March has also gradually changed. It has resulted in increased population percentage of more efficient malaria carriers (An. atroparvus by 17.3 %, An. maculipennis by 21 %), capable of sucking blood in winter period [11]. Since 2001, tropical transmissible zooanthroponosis (dirofilariasis) has been recorded in Kharkiv region, the carriers of which are p. Anopheles, Aedes, Culex. Definitive hosts are stray and domestic dogs. Over the past 6 years, more than 150 Dirofilariasis patients were registered in Kharkiv region. Twenty−one natural foci of Lyme disease were revealed. The epidemic process involved 41 inhabited localities. It can be concluded that global climate changes result in increase of the number of places of breed of sanguivorous diptera and ticks, changing biology and ecology of the carriers, increase of the number of carriers. It also results in redistribution of species composition of components of midges and all groups of ticks (Ixodidae, Gamasidae, Dermatophagoides, Acariformes) with the replacement of less efficient to more efficient carriers.
Key words: bloodsucking Diptera, ticks, vectors, climate change.