ARCHIVE
№1' 2021
THERAPYInternational Medical Journal, Vol. 27., Iss. 1, 2021, P. 5−9.
DOI (https://doi.org/10.37436/2308-5274-2021-1-1)
PREMATURE AGING INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Government Institution "L. T. Malaya Therapy National Institute of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Ukraine
Aging is characterized with a gradual aggravation of organ function throughout life and can occur both physiologically and prematurely. With premature aging there is an early decrease in the adaptive mechanisms of all physiological systems of the body, there is a significant reduction in physical and mental activities, that contributes to the early development of age−related pathology. Genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as environmental ones can be the causes of different rates of aging. It is not possible to accurately determine the onset of old age by biological characteristics, because people with the same calendar age are not always the same as for biological one. To establish the association of age−related disease factors with the markers of premature aging and biological age in the patients of various age groups, a study was performed in the patients aged 25−44 and 45−59 years with moderate cardiovascular risk in accordance with the SCORE scale. The primary task for predicting and preventing the age−associated diseases is to identify genetic, molecular and cellular factors that determine the rate of aging and increase the risk of age−associated diseases. The role of cardiovascular risk factors in premature aging has been determined. It is established that the most important factors that lead to an increase in biological age and formation of age−associated diseases are the disorders of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and level of oxidative stress, importance of which progresses with age. The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and biological age, estimated with different methods, their influence on telomere length, that allows the designing of an algorithm to determine the markers of premature aging in different age groups for early and effective prevention of metabolic−associated diseases, has been established.
Key words: biological age, cardiovascular risk, premature aging, telomere length.
REFERENCES
1. Ageing and health. World Health Organization, 05 Feb. 2018. URL: https://www.who.int/news−room/fact−sheets/detail/ageing−and−health
2. Ekerdt D. J. Longevity's Purposes // Innovation in Aging. 2018. Vol. 2, №. 3. P. 1−2. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igy029
3. 10 facts on ageing and health. World Health Organization, 17 May 2018. URL: https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/ageing/en/
4. Gorelkin A. G., Pinkhasov B. B. Sposob opredeleniya biologicheskogo vozrasta cheloveka i skorosti stareniya. Patent RF na izobretenie. № 2387374. Byull. № 12 ot 27.004.2010.
5. Voitenko V. P. Biologicheskii vozrast // Biologiya stareniya. Leningrad: Nauka, 1982. S. 102−115.
6. Mitnitski A. B. Epigenetic biomarkers for biological age // Epigenetics of Aging and Longevity. Academic Press. 2018. S. 153−170. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978−0−12−811060−7.00007−3
7. Jylhävä J., Pedersen N. L., Hägg S. Biological age predictors // EBio Medicine. 2017. T. 21. S. 29−36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.046
8. Kim S., Jazwinski S. Quantitative measures of healthy aging and biological age // Healthy aging research. 2015. Vol. 4. https://doi.org/10.12715/har.2015.4.26
9. Jazwinski S. M., Kim S. Metabolic and Genetic Markers of Biological Age // Frontiers in genetics. 2017. Vol. 8.
10. A model for estimating body shape biological age based on clinical parameters associated with body composition / C. Y. Bae et al. // Clinical interventions in aging. 2013. Vol. 8. P. 11.
11. Jia L., Zhang W., Chen X. Common methods of biological age estimation // Clinical interventions in aging. 2017. Vol. 12. `P. 759. https://doi.org/10.2147/cia.s134921
12. Chupina M. S., Gudovskikh N. V., Tolmachev D. A. Opredelenie biologicheskogo vozrasta u pensionerov // Meditsinskie nauki. 2019. № 5 (83).
13. A novel assay for the evaluation of the prooxidant−antioxidant balance, before and after antioxidant vitamin administration in type II diabetes patients / D. H. Alamdari et al. // Clin. Biochem. 2007. Vol. 40 (3−4). P. 248−254. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.10.017
14. Cawthon R. M. Telomere length measurement by a novel monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method // Nucleic Acids Res. 2009. Vol. 37 (3). e21. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn1027
15. Short telomere length, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and early death / M. Weischer et al. // Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2012. Vol. 32 (3). P. 822−829. https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.111.237271
16. Ren J., Sowers J. R., Zhang Y. Metabolic stress, autophagy, and cardiovascular aging: from pathophysiology to therapeutics // Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2018. Vol. 29 (10). R. 699−711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2018.08.001
17. Triposkiadis F., Xanthopoulos A., Butler J. Cardiovascular aging and heart failure: JACC review topic of the week // J. of the Am. College of Cardiology. 2019. Vol. 74 (6). R. 804−813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.053
18. Short telomere length is associated with aging, central obesity, poor sleep and hypertension in Lebanese individuals / N. K. Zgheib et al. // Aging and disease. 2018. Vol. 9 (1). R. 77. https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2017.0310
19. Frith E., Loprinzi P. D. Leukocyte Telomere Length and Cognitive Function in Older Adults // JCBPR. 2018. Vol. 7 (1). R. 14−18. https://doi.org/10.5455/jcbpr.273242
20. Interaction among sex, ageing and epigenetic processes concerning visceral fat, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia / A. Arpón et al. // Frontiers in endocrinology. 2019. Vol. 10. R. 496. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00496
21. Validation of minimally−invasive sample collection methods for measurement of telomere length / S. A. Stout et al. // Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2017. Vol. 9. R. 397.
22. Decline in telomere length by age and effect modification by gender, allostatic load and comorbidities in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999−2002) / S. Ghimire, C. V. Hill, F. S. Sy, R. Rodriguez // PloS one. 2019. Vol. 14 (8). R. e0221690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221690
23. Vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease − a review of endothelium−mediated mechanisms and ensuing vicious circles / L. Y. Di Marco et al. // Neurobiology of disease. 2015. Vol. 82. R. 593−606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2015.08.014
24. Aitbaev K. A., Murkamilov I. T., Fomin V. V. Molecular mechanisms of aging: the role of oxidative stress and epigenetic modifications // Advances in Gerontology. 2019. Vol. 9 (4). R. 417−425. https://doi.org/10.1134/s2079057019040027
25. The Association Between Leukocyte Telomere Length and Cognitive Performance Among the American Elderly / D. Linghui et al. // Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2020. Vol. 12. R. 354. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.527658