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№4' 2017
ONCOLOGYInternational Medical Journal, Vol. 23., Iss. 4, 2017, P. 53−56.
NUTRITIONAL INSUFFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL MALIGNANCIES
S. P. Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology (NAMS of Ukraine), Kharkiv, Ukraine
Regional center of oncology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Cancer is characterized by intoxication and disorders of all types of metabolism. Insufficiency of nutrition in cancer patients is noted in 80 % of cases, of them in 20 % it is the direct cause of death. The neoplasm location and the degree of protein−energy deficiency are related. The most frequent disorders of nutritional status are detected in patients with tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In 2006, the Congress of the European Society for Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition (ESPEN) presented the data on the impact of nutritional support on the tumor growth. It was shown that weight loss leads not only to deterioration in the quality of life, but also to a higher mortality rate. The consensus group ESPEN−ESMO made a decision that in oncology, nutritional support is indicated as in no other field of clinical medicine and it has no effect on the tumor growth. With the development of nutritional insufficiency, there are syndromes of anorexia −− cachexia, hypermetabolism −− hypercatabolism, intestinal insufficiency syndrome. The overall goals of nutritional support in cancer patients are correction of protein−energy deficiency; maintenance of the visceral protein pool; minimization of side effects of radiation and chemotherapy; prevention and treatment of immunosuppression; improving the quality of life of the patients.
Key words: cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, nutritional deficiency, correction.