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The clinical probability of cross−allergic reaction to antibacterial drugs of different groups was evaluated. It has been emphasized that if there is a high probability of a type I allergic reaction in a patient in the past, an allergist/immunologist should be consulted to develop recommendations and perform the investigations needed.

Prior to surgical revascularization of the myocardium in the patients with high−risk coronary heart disease the comorbidity was analyzed. An algorithm to reveal such states has been developed. These patients are noted to have a personalized approach to the treatment of concomitant diseases.

The results of nitric oxide levels for venous and cavernous parameters in the patients with diabetes mellitus and erectile dysfunction were analyzed. High levels of lipoprotein−α and malonic dialdehyde were obtained with a low content of nitric oxide in the peripheral venous blood that correlated with the severity of erectile dysfunction. The more practical use of these results as an additional study, but not as a substitute for invasive testing, has been emphasized.

The work is based on the analysis of the results of more than 36 years' experience in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the patients with ascending aneurysm and aortic arch (or isolated arch). The importance of the possibilities of extracorporeal blood circulation techniques in providing an adequate protection of the brain and visceral organs during prosthetics of the ascending part and the aortic arch has been shown. The advantages of valve−saving surgeries when treating these patients have been demonstrated.

Owing to the meta−analysis results the lipofilling was concluded to be an effective tool to correct the aesthetic defects, to improve the quality of life for the patients with subcutaneous mastectomy and simultaneous endoprosthesis.

The classification, main issues of etiopathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, as well as the protocols of conservative therapy and methods of surgical treatment for women with urinary incontinence have been considered.

The effectiveness and safety of modern hormonal methods of contraception of the second and third generations have been studied. The use of second−generation hormonal contraception in young overweight women has been established to be appropriate, safe, not affecting their weight, well regulating the menstrual cycle, as well as it was accompanied by minor changes in the lipid profile and featured with convenience and availability.

The published reports devoted to the peculiarities of the study, evaluation and correction of electroencephalography in regulation of the autonomic system in the women of reproductive age have been analyzed. Owing to the electroencephalogram data it is possible to determine the bioelectrical activity of the brain, disorders of autonomic regulation and to identify the risk groups among patients with various pathologies. This study contributes to increasing the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology programs in women with infertility.

The influence of social and hygienic factors on clinical presentation of the disease in adolescents with mild mental retardation has been studied. It has been found that the age when disease started, severity of psychopathological disorders, disease progression, intelligence to adulthood, presence of concomitant mental pathology, social environment and living conditions form a pool of socio−hygienic factors that affect clinical development of the disease in mentally retarded persons.

Indices of hemostasis in the patients with cardioembolic and atherothrombotic transient ischemic attacks, microscopy data of peripheral blood erythrocytes, blood coagulation properties, and lipid metabolism have been presented.

Peculiarities of the rehabilitation in the patients with spine and spinal cord injuries have been considered. According to the degree of loss of basic motor functions, there are four stages of motor rehabilitation, which are aimed at maximum compensation of the disorders. The expediency of a comprehensive approach to the rehabilitation of this category of patients with the involvement of modern training and working equipment creates the preconditions not only for providing them with highly functional support products, but also for a social adaptation.

The redistribution of cases of acute cerebrovascular disorders depending on the type and location of brain damage has been demonstrated. Psychopathological syndromes arising from an ischemic stroke in the right hemisphere of the brain have been analyzed.

The structure of subtypes of ischemic stroke has been studied and their connection with the risk factors for the disease development has been established. The surveyed law enforcement officers were diagnosed with: atherothrombotic pathogenetic subtype of stroke, cardioembolism, as well as the disorders of hemostasis and hemorheology. Concomitant and background diseases were dominated by hypertension, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus.

Skin biopsies of the patients with androgenetic alopecia were immunohistochemically studied. It was found that the women were characterized by a number of immunomorphological manifestations: the presence in inflammatory infiltrate of immune competent T−lymphocytes CD3 +, CD4 + and CD8 +, macrophages (CD68 +); imbalance of growth polypeptides VEGF, TGF−β1, EGFR; accumulation of oxidative stress enzymes eNOS and iNOS; accumulation of pathological fraction of Collagen IV. The findings not only support the idea of the morphogenesis of androgenetic alopecia, but also enable the improving of the standards of the disease treatment taking into account the results of modern diagnostic methods.

The nature of changes in immunological processes in adult patients with chickenpox depending on the disease severity was determined. The course of moderate chickenpox was found to be associated with a pronounced response of pro−inflammatory cytokines IL−1β, IL−6, IL−17, IL−23 with a decrease in the production of anti−inflammatory cytokines IL−4, IL−10. The severe course of the disease was characterized by low levels of production of these cytokines.

The summarized information on the mechanisms that occur during the activation of Toll−like receptors type 9 expression, the production of type I interferons and cytokines with the involvement of these image recognition receptors has been presented. Based on the literature review, the importance of activating the expression of Toll−like receptors of type 9 in the development of autoimmune and viral diseases has been described.

Allelic variants of the DRB1*01 and DRB1*16 genes, the initial level of CD4−T lymphocytes in the blood less than 80 cells/μl and the length of period from the HIV detection have been determined to be of a prognostic value for the susceptibility of HIV−infected persons to the development of the central nervous system infectious diseases to the development of the clinical stage 4 less than 1 year. The mathematical algorithm design assuming these factors enables the prediction of the risk of HIV−associated lesions of the central nervous system with a prognostic accuracy of 78,6 %, 64,5 % sensitivity, 89,7 % specificity.

The medical and epidemiological characteristics of diseases of the circulatory system, cerebrovascular diseases, including strokes in Ukraine in general, and in Kharkiv region, in particular have been presented. Levels and trends of their prevalence and primary morbidity, mortality as well as primary disability have been determined.